In *times gone by it seems to have been easier. The winemaking style was more likely (in ānormalā years) to produce wines that had firm tannins that would quickly overtake the fruit post release. It was then a waiting game, hoping that when the tannins eventually subsided, the wine underneath would be healthy and ideally with with the fruit partially or wholly transformed into something much more complex and unique. Sometimes the balance was wrong and the fruit died long before the tannins, and on other occasions the more rustic approach in the winery would lead to (less pleasant) rusticity in the wines. If drinking a wine too young, then you needed food (e.g. red meat) to mitigate the tannins.
Then came the wave of modernism, with impacts that we might view as good or bad (or merely different). Upfront fruit was emphasised, meaning most these days donāt suffer extreme closing down, whilst some aimed for even greater ripeness, leading to a different fruit profile, higher alcohol and lower acidity, that I believe risks early demise for the wines. Tannins were also targeted for taming, further helping to avoid/mitigate the wines shutting down, but with less certainty about whether that would affect the long term ageing potential. Hygiene in the winery also became more of a focus.
In general I think there is acceptance that the extreme end of the modernist scale is a busted flush, and that some rather expensive wines simply didnāt last the course, but hopefully were appreciated young. Beyond that, the lines are much more blurred now (and less contentious in the local community), with everyone choosing what feels right to them / for their wines.
What that leaves us with today is a broad range of styles (Pat Burtonās wonderful wiki style listing here is a tremendous resource), and with that a very large range of ageing profiles, from say Marcarini who are very much old school, to the last remnants of the revolutionary La Morra modernists. IIRC Aldo Vacca of Produttori del Barbaresco talks of his Barbaresco wines being typically at best for him at 12-15 years. Thatās a lot less than the longevity of older wines from the co-op. Does this represent a stylistic change, or merely his / Italian tastes diverging from those in UK/US/Germany etc? I canāt be certain, but feel itās a bit of both, that they do close down less firmly than before and may not have the prior longevity, plus Italians typically have drunk the wines younger than (say) the English. Time will provide us the answers, albeit with everyone experimenting a little or a lot (especially in the late 90s / 00s / early 10s) itās a moving target (in addition to vintage variations), so not easy to be confident on small sample sizes.
*Oh and back then we didnāt butcher the Italian language by pluralising a place name like Barolo, but a vocal ex-member of this forum made it commonplace here. If someone wants to respect the language, then Iād suggest referring to āetichette di Baroloā or ābottiglie di Baroloā or simply use English and say Barolos - thatās perfectly fine in English.