Contra Costa County Wine Heritage

Apparently, I snoozed through the inaugural release of the “Evangelho Vineyard” Mourvèdre from Extradimensional Wine Co. Yeah! - Kate & Hardy Wallace’s new project!


Extradimensional Wine Co. Yeah!
"2020 ‘Evangelho Old Vine Music’
Never Miss an Evangelho!
(100 Cases Produced)

  • 100% Whole Cluster Old Vine Mourvèdre
  • 131 Year-Old-Vines
  • Dry-Farmed
  • 13% ABV"

*** Click Here ***

Extradimensional Wine Co. Yeah! website:
https://winecoyeah.com/




Grape Live
"Wine of the Day December 23, 2022: 2020 Extradimensional Wine Co. Yeah!, Old Vine Mourvèdre, Evangehlo Vineyard, Contra Costa County"

The celebration of National Zinfandel Day may have passed, but blog entries like the one below can aid in determining the location and varietal makeup of certain Contra Costa vineyards.


Grape Experiences
“The California Zinfandel Trail Leads to three 2016 Zinfandel Live Oak Contra Costa County”
November 16, 2021
by Cindy Rynning

"Who’s with me in celebrating National Zinfandel Day (click here) on Wednesday November 17? The Zinfandel Advocates & Producers have a mission to preserve California’s iconic vineyards upon which America’s grape, Zinfandel, is produced.

"…Sent as a sample, I’ve been enjoying three 2016 Zinfandel ‘Live Oak’ Contra Costa County ($38). The vineyard was planted in 1885 by Italian immigrant farmers, Spike and Guido Mazzoni and is recognized for its ‘massive concentration, silken texture and signature core of luscious raspberry to boysenberry fruit.’ Composed of two small, separate blocks, the ‘Mazzoni block’ is mostly Zinfandel in a field blend with Petite Sirah, Carignane, Mataro and Alicante Bouschet with a bit of Muscat of Alexandria. The 1.5-acre ‘Live Oak block’ is 100% Zinfandel.

“…Comprised of 77% Zinfandel, 12% Petite Sirah, 9% Carignane and 2% Alicante Bouschet, the wine is a true example of ancient vine concentration…”.


Historic Vineyard Society
“Mazzoni-Live Oak Vineyard” profile:
https://historicvineyardsociety.org/vineyard/live-oak
“Mazzoni Vyd”: 5181 Live Oak Ave, Oakley
“Live Oak Vyd”: ???

"…The old block (about 2.5 acres) is a classic field blend consisting mainly of Zinfandel but with rouge vines of Mataro and Carignane blended in. A few vines of Muscat Alexandria and one vine of Rose of Peru also are in the mix.

“The balance of the vineyard (5.5 acres) was planted to Petite Sirah in 1998.”
Guido Mazzoni (July 9, 1909 - January, 1987)
On a separate note, I felt it necessary to give some overdue attention to the producers located in the western part of Contra Costa County.


Abio Properties
“East Bay Wine Tasting: Luscious Sips”

"…Contra Costa County Wineries

Campos Family Vineyards 3501 Byer Rd., Byron

Bhachu Vineyards Call 925.370.0723 for information on how to visit this Alhambra Valley winery in Martinez.

Bloomfield Vineyards Get a taste at Coco’s (the Contra Costa County Wine Company) at 633 First St. in Brentwood.

Four Fools Winery An urban winery set on San Pablo Bay, Four Fools puts the fun in fine wine by hosting on-going events like Food Truck Thursdays and monthly Sunday car shows. 13 Pacific Ave., Rodeo

Hannah Nicole Vineyards 6700 Balfour Rd., Brentwood

Shadowbrook Winery 1 Meritage Ln., Walnut Creek

Tamayo Family Vineyards They are temporarily closed for tours and tastings but are open for online order pickups. 2155 Elkins Way, Suite H, Brentwood

Viano Vineyards This beautiful gem tucked away in Martinez is located on a century-old vineyard. The family estate is now run by its 4th and 5th generations. Viano is known for casual tastings and family-friendly vibe. 150 Morello Ave., Martinez "


Three Wine Company website:

The Contra Costa County Historical Society has an unique archive of area maps, photographs, and other hard-to-find records. The California Revealed website features numerous 19th Century parcel maps - like those of Contra Costa.

California Revealed
Collection: Contra Costa County Historical Society
Contra Costa County Tax Assessor’s Maps
All Maps:
“Contra Costa County (Calif.). Assessor’s Deputies”

All Parcel Maps for Antioch

“Handwritten and colored map of T1N R1E, T1N R2E, T2N R1E and T2N R2E in Contra Costa County, California. Includes the land surrounding the present-day locations of Antioch, Brentwood, and Oakley with landowner names and school districts.”

“Handwritten and colored map of T1N R1E, T1N R2E ,T2N R1E, T2N R2E and New York Grant and Marsh Grant in Contra Costa County, California. Includes the land surrounding the present-day locations of Antioch, Brentwood, and Oakley with landowner names and school districts.”

“Handwritten and colored map of T1N R2E and T2N R2E in Contra Costa County, California. Includes the land surrounding the present-day locations of Antioch, Brentwood, and Oakley with landowner names and school districts.”

Compare some of the old parcel maps with a modern Public Land Survey System Maps view of Antioch & Oakley:

Need help understanding PLSS?

The map detail below encompasses the following area :

  • Western Boundary - from A Street, Antioch
  • Southern Boundary - imaginary line W/E from Antioch Municipal Reservoir to Carpenter Road, Oakley
  • Eastern Boundary - Live Oak Road, Oakley
  • Northern Boundary - San Joaquin-Sacramento Bay



Antioch’s old-vine sites North of E 18th St, like the “Evangelho Vyd”, appear to be located on the Wilbur property (N of dotted line in Section 16).

The “Bridgehead Vineyard” is situated on land once owned by Joseph Ruckstuhl (sometimes spelled “Ruchstuhl” or “Ruckslatt”).

It is difficult to find information about east CoCo viticulture during the late 19th and early 20th Centuries. Parcels belonging to known grape-growers are identified with colored dots:


Blue: “Ruckstuhl family”

Ancestry
“Joseph Leo Ruckstuhl”

“Born in Oakley, Contra Costa, California, USA, on 13 Dec 1891, to Joseph Ruckstuhl and Josephine M Sprenger. Joseph Leo Ruckstuhl married Anita M. Kelley and had 1 child. He passed away on 15 Dec 1966 in Antioch, Contra Costa, CA.”

“Contra Costa Wine Heritage” post: “Ruckstuhl Vineyards”


Red: “Viera family”

Ancestry
“Cyril Viera”

“Born in Oakley, Contra Costa, California, United States, on 1888 to Manuel Rodrigues Viera and Elizabeth Agnes Whelihan. Cyril Viera passed away on 04 Oct 1910, in San Francisco, California, United States.”

Google Books
Pacific Rural Press, Volumes 67-68
January 30, 1904
“Mr Manuel Viera”:
“Agricultural Review: Contra Costa County” (p.70)




Green: “Trembath family”

Joseph Trembath’s property is identified and mapped on this page from the Bureau of Land Management GLO Records website. A very small plot of +130-year-old Carignan vines still exists!

Geni website
“Richard Trembath, Jr”


Images of America: Antioch, printed in 2005, features many photographs of early modern citizens of the Antioch/Oakley area. The three families mentioned above receive some attention by the author(s).

Google Books
Images of America: Antioch
Arcadia Publishing, 2005




According to the text, Antioch’s eastern city limits once were marked by 10th Street. Most local farms were to the East, beyond A Street, along Iron House Rd. Today, Iron House Rd is known as East 18th Street (and Main Street in Oakley).

The “Evangelho Vyd”, “Bridgehead Vyd” (in Oakley), and smaller old-vine plantings once were planted and tended by families like the Vieras, Trembaths, and Ruckstuhls.

“…Marsh Creek drains into the San Joaquin River not far from its mouth and this section of Contra Costa County, east of the Mount Diablo Range, rather resembles the great Central Valley. In the 1880s a considerable acreage of the sandy valley land between Antioch and Brentwood was planted to vineyard; of the several wineries built there, the largest were those of Joseph Miller and Joseph Ruckstuhl. Miller, a native of Portugal, had about twenty acres in Zinfandel. Ruckstuhl, a short, stocky Swiss, also specialized in Zinfandel and found a market for his wine in the eastern states. The same family has kept this property near the town of Oakley, and although the winery has not been operated since Prohibition, much of their land and that of others in the area is still in vineyard.”

Antioch Interactive Map:
http://www.antiochprospector.com

Contra Costa County Historical Society:
http://www.cocohistory.com/

“Stories of California’s Azorean Immigrants”
by Christopher A Howard
https://www.academia.edu/51010064/Stories_of_California_Azorean_Immigrants

Google Books
Contra Costa Farm Bureau Monthly, Volumes 1-4 (1918)

Internet Archive
Alameda and Contra Costa Counties Telephone Directory (1904)
by Sunset Telephone and Telegraph Company
Search Results: “Antioch”

Alameda and Contra Costa Counties Directory, for 1871-72
Publisher: Sacramento County Directory Pub. Co.
Search Results: “Antioch”

Google Books
Directory of the Grape Growers… (1891)
California Board of State Viticultural Commissioners
A.J. Johnson, Superintendent (254 pages)
Search Results: “Antioch”

Below are several historical resources, including newspaper issues, books, and maps. Current Contra Costa Interactive Map websites are listed as well.

Parcel Quest Lite is a great tool when searching for specific details.


Contra Costa Newspaper Archives:

Digital Reel
Collection: Contra Costa County Library
Newspaper Archives:
https://dr652c.bmiimaging.com/index?datasetName=Contra%20Costa%20County%20Library

Contra Costa County Library
Historical Newspaper Holdings:

California Digital Newspaper Collection
Search by County: Contra Costa

Library of Congress
Chronicling America Newspaper Archive:

Google Newspaper Archives:
https://news.google.com/newspapers


Contra Costa Historical Texts:

Internet Archive:
San Francisco Public Library

Hathi Trust
History of Contra Costa County, California…
(1926)
by J. P. Munro-Fraser
Published by Historic Record Co, Los Angeles

Hathi Trust
Contra Costa Farm Bureau Monthly
, Vol. 1-4 (1914-1918)

Hathi Trust
Illustrations of Contra Costa Co. California,
with Historical Sketch
(1878)
Published by Smith & Elliot, Oakland

Contra Costa Maps:

Internet Archive
Collection: Contra Costa County Historical Society - Maps

Hathi Trust
Search Results: “Contra Costa County Historical Society”

County of Contra Costa
Maps & Property Information
page:

· CCMaps site

“The County’s portal for on-line property information is CCMAP. Browse to the CCMap Website for information on individual parcels: - Property data such as building square footage and lot size.”

· ParcelQuest Lite (Assessor Maps and Property Information)

“The ParcelQuest Lite search tool allows you to view parcel maps, assessed values, and details about houses in a simple and easy-to-use way.”

Antioch Prospector site

City of Antioch
Public Works Department
Geographical Information Systems Map Gallery


Contra Costa County Public Works Department
Laserfiche Weblink:

  • Recorded Maps (Subdivisions, Minor Subdivisions, Records of Survey and Corner Records)
  • Assessor Parcel Books which are annotated with additional map references
  • Archived Assessor Parcel Books which include superseded pages

Comparing the 1892 Public Land Survey Map of Northeast Contra Costa County with similar maps provides an idea of its scope and scale.


1900’s PLSS Map of Eastern Antioch and Oakley
Detail of Antioch Oakley early 20th C Map~2(1).png
Modern PLSS map depicting Township 2 North Range 2 East

Don’s Notes
Geography: US Public Land Survey System

Glendale Community College
Geography: Prof. Lynn Newman
“Locating Features Using the US PLSS (Township and Range) & Google Earth”

As previously cited on this thread, San Francisco Estuary Institute’s “Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Historical Ecology Study” reveals how different the shorelines were +100 years ago compared with today.



ARC GIS REST Services Interactive Map
SFEI Delta Maps Directory
“Base Maps / Tographical Maps of Early 1900s Delta Area”:

https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmap.dfg.ca.gov%2Farcgis%2Frest%2Fservices%2FBase_Maps%2FTopo_Delta_Early_1900s%2FImageServer&source=sd


If someone was sufficiently tech-savvy, I’d imagine he/she could superimpose images of Antioch and Oakley’s 1892 Parcel Maps onto the modern landscape, accounting for the changes along the shoreline and Land usage.

· East Antioch/West Oakley Parcel Map, 1892

· West Oakley Parcel Map, 1892

The 1892 Parcel Maps also could be cross-referenced with the grape-growers named in the following book to determine probable locations of contemporary vineyards.

1891 Names Antioch Grape Growers.png
Directory of the Grape Growers: Wine Makers and Distillers of California (1891)
Board of State Viticultural Commissioners

SFEI
“Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Historical Ecology Study” website:
https://www.sfeiparksDeltaHEStudy
*** EDIT ***

The Northwest section of Oakley also experienced changes in its shoreline over the course of the 20th Century. Today, nature preserves (Big Break, Dutch Slough) serve as buffer zones between the Delta and civilization, limiting the effects of erosion.



On the East Bay Parks website, “Big Break Regional Shoreline’s” “History” profile states the following:

"…The entire Delta was dramatically transformed by the California Gold Rush, which accelerated the settlement of the Delta and the substantial land reclamation that changed the Delta area’s environment. Unsuccessful Forty-Niners returned to the Delta from the Motherlode to farm the rich soils. Because of the annual flooding, they erected crude levees. In the 1870s, the clamshell dredge enabled farmers to erect more stable and extensive levees.

“By 1930, Delta reclamation was almost complete, with some 57 man-made islands encompassing over 550,000 acres. To this day, agriculture is the primary land use, particularly the production of dry grains, asparagus and other specialty crops. The name ‘Big Break’ comes from a 1928 break in the levee that separated an asparagus farm from the San Joaquin River and Dutch Slough.


Cline Cellars’ “Big Break Vineyard” was named after the devastating levee breach. Today, a single-vineyard Zinfandel, the 9-acre “Small Berry” Mourvèdre plot, and the “Small Berry” Grenache are sourced from this location. The Grenache vines are only 40 years old, whereas the rest of the vines in the “Big Break Vyd” are around 100 years of age.


Old Cline Cellars website:
1995 “Big Break Vyd” Zinfandel"Vineyards: The ‘Big Break Vineyard’, named for Big Break Road which runs adjacent to the block, has traditionally produced one of our most powerful and individual lots of Zinfandel. An early ripener, ‘Big Break’ Zinfandel is year in and out among the first lots of grapes we pick.

"…The combination of extremely sandy, well-drained soils; dry-farming; century old, head-trained vines and the unique band of cooling air from the San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers that favors Oakley’s best vineyard sites create a synergy of elements that is ideal for ripening Zinfandel and expressing the full character of the fruit.

“…Winemakers Comments: Here, at the winery, we feel that Zinfandel is perhaps the only grape in California that merits being bottle as a vineyard-designated lot. Much is the same way as the famed Pinot Noirs of Burgundy, certain old-vine Zinfandel vineyards have shown such unique and individual character that they could be considered California’s true Grand Crus. The ‘Big Break’ vineyard definitely is one such vineyard site. Always one of our most robust wines, the 1995 in particular oozes with power, revealing a dark wild berry, exotic spice, chocolate and ripe peach character.”
According to a comment by Brian Ojalvo of West of Temperance, Sean Thackrey’sTaurus” Mourvedre wines were produced from this old-vine site in certain vintages.


East Bay Regional Parks District website:
“Big Break Regional Shoreline”

Wine Berserkers
“Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Maps & Issues”

April 11, 2022

I am including a map from Antioch’s “East 18th Street Specific Plan” (Sept. 2001) for comparison with the 1892 Parcel Map image:






According to the 20-year-old map’s “Current Ownership and Use Summary” guide, vineyards occupied 8 of the 28 parcels.

Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) still retains easements/right-of-way for lands traversed by its power lines. Wizened vines claim strange sanctuary beneath the towering structures.


The following grape-growing families are identified in the 2001 “Current Ownership & Land Use Summary”:

  • Gonsalves
  • Evangelho
  • Cutino (Meadows)

Gaylord Container Corporation once owned the plot of grapevines in Parcel #18. Those eventually were uprooted.


Gonsalves:

In a recent thread post, I speculated that Parcel #3 was the “Little Big Patch Vyd”. Parcel #15, the “Driving Range/Sand Pit Vyd”, currently is for sale. The Gonsalves family farms, leases, or owns ~10 vineyards in eastern Contra Costa, totaling around 100 acres. Properties are managed by Gonsalves Vineyards, Sandy Lane Properties L.P., and the “B” Trust of the Gonsalves Family.

Evangelho:

Parcel #14 (10-acres) of Frank Evangelho’s vineyard, was purchased by Bedrock Wine Company in 2017. The winery leases another 26 acres from PG&E (#16 and #21?). These components make up the Evangelho Vyd.

Cutino:

“Carla’s Vineyard” occupied Parcels #19 and 20. Today, it is a parking lot for a stripmall (formerly a K-Mart). The vineyard was named for Carla Cutino-Meadows, wife of the late Dwight Meadows.

As of 2021, the “Evangelho Vyd” and the Gonsalves family’s vines still remain. PG&E utility lines also harbor some ancient grapevines.


The December, 1999, “East 18th Street Specific Plan” was devised to navigate “constraints within the planning area, in order to facilitate coordinated development of these 192 acres as a modern business park” (i). Authorization to proceed with developing the plan was given in December of 2001 (City Ordinance 986-C-S 12-11-01).

The plan’s emphasized commercial expansion. Allegedly, only the “oldest” vines would be spared (Parcel #16). All other plantings are at risk of being uprooted!




Additionally, the project designs stated that the vine-bearing lands beneath PG&E transmission lines could be secured - either through an agreement with the utility company or via lease/purchase by the city. Eventually, the grapevines were to be replaced with parking spaces or a similar low-profile structures:




The “E 18th St Specific Plan” represents the City’s long-term goals. For now, most of the project has not be completed. Nevertheless, many acres of ancient vines (“Open Space/Agriculture” on the “Final Vision” map) were rezoned for eventual “Office or Light Industrial” applications.

The “Evangelho Vineyard” may become the final remnant of Northeast Antioch’s viticultural legacy.


“Little Big Block Vineyard”:

The following information comes from the data sheet for the 2019 Birichino “Old-Vine” Contra Costa Mourvèdre:

"‘Face in the hot sun and feet in the water’, or so the old saw goes, describing the preferred environment for Mourvèdre. Today, a dwindling patchwork of densely planted, very old vineyards perseveres in the face of an expanding sea of densely planted, very new homes.

"These head-trained vines, planted in pure, deep sand, needn’t default to the conventional template of rusticity: tannic and often forbiddingly concentrated by the bayonet of saignée. Indeed, they’re ideal for a wine altogether different - elegant, darkly aromatic, supremely persistent, buoyant and soignée. Lest anyone infer the wine lacks grip or tension, rest assured they shall be greeted by the trademark Birichino ‘ninja tannins’, sitting coiled beneath the wine’s surface, ready to strike, only to vanish leaving behind but a shadow.

“Beginning in 2019, we have sourced old vine Mourvèdre from a ‘new’, very old vineyard planted c.1895, immediately adjacent to ‘Evangelho Vineyard’. This dry-farmed site produces a darker, more exotically pungent wine than that relied upon for previous vintages, suggesting black fruits, hothouse flowers and the subtle yet undeniable fragrance of marzipan found in many of Contra Costa’s best bottles. Whereas Mourvèdre harvests in Bandol and San Benito typically extend well into October, this pre-dawn pick in 2019 was relatively late for Contra Costa, with a rare foray into the first week of September.”

*** EDIT ***

“…Of the total 28.6 acres of Farmland of Statewide Importance, 21.5 acres are within Subarea 1 and 7.1 acres are within Subarea 2b. As of October 2012, all of these lands are in agricultural use. Subarea 2a is fully developed with other uses and has no lands in agricultural use or designated as farmlands. (The project site also contains approximately 26.2 acres of Farmland of Local Importance, which is not considered a protected category of agricultural lands under CEQA)” (p.16).

"The project area includes lands designated as Farmland of Statewide Importance (or, under LAFCO criteria, Prime Farmland). As noted above, the project would not result in any change to any existing land use. Antioch Municipal Code Section 5-3809 allows for the continuation of existing agricultural uses on a site when that site’s zoning designation may be changed. Moreover, through the project’s prezoning, the City would perpetuate existing County zoning allowable land uses. Portions of Subarea 2b would thus retain an agricultural zoning designation. In addition, the majority of the land currently in agricultural use consists of grapevines located within easements and rights of way owned by PG&E, which practically cannot be occupied by permanent structures.

“Given the existing site conditions, the project’s proposed retention of agricultural zoning designations, and the stipulations within the proposed prezoning for any change of use, the project’s potential to hasten conversion of agricultural lands would be considered minimal and impacts thus less-than-significant” (p.17-18).


No vines in the “NE Antioch Area Reorganization” site are under a Williamson Act contract.

Map of NE Antioch Land Use: Link

The California Department of Conservation’s Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program (FMMP) website has been discussed before in this post on the “Saving Old Vineyards - Economics vs Heritage” thread.


CA Department of Conservation FMMP
Contra Costa County:
“Important Farmland Data Availability”

The 2016 FMMP “Important Farmland Map” for the Antioch and Oakley area is shown below. With the exception of the darker green blocks in NE Oakley (Dutch Slough), almost every light green spot represents a vineyard.


Key for “Important Farmland Map”

The Important Farmland Time Series web tool depicts the loss of California vineyards (and other agricultural lands) over the passing decades (1984 to 2016).

Swipe left on the first slide displayed, as it will show an “Error” message.

Okay, I do not wish to cry out that “the sky is falling” or anything to that effect…aside from the gradual loss of ancient vineyards in eastern Contra Costa County. In that regard, you should be concerned!

However, a closer look at certain roads in Antioch, Oakley, and nearby cities will reveal the presence of a potentially harmful industrial byproduct: SierraCrete.


East Bay Express
“What Lies Beneath”

by Will Harper
August 21, 2002

The Contra Costa Health Services website states that studies performed by DuPont and the County have concluded that “the health risks from the dioxins in the Sierra-Crete were not significant.”


There’s also no need to worry about the old Chemours site at 6000 Bridgehead Rd. Yay!

Kevin Romick of Oakley, CA, posted these photos on November 22nd, 2021, during a morning walk to Big Break Regional Shoreline.


Oakley’s vines in late Nov, 38°F in the foggy AM hours:




US ClimateData website: "Oakley, CA’

Big Break Regional Shoreline website:

“Romick in Oakley” Blog website:

**I have compiled a few details relevant to East Contra Costa County. Census data helps illustrate how population growth, and the need for housing, increases suburban-rural pressure on old-vine sites of Oakley and Antioch.

Climatic, topographic, and geologic information from a Diablo Water District report reflects how favorable the area is for the cultivation of own-rooted Mediterranean winegrape varieties.**


US Census Bureau Quick Facts
Antioch and Oakley, California

Antioch City, California

  • Population, Census, April 1, 2010: 102,372
  • Population estimates, July 1, 2019, (V2019): 111,502
  • Population, Census, April 1, 2020: 115,291

Oakley City, California

  • Population, Census, April 1, 2010: 35,423
  • Population estimates, July 1, 2019, (V2019): 42,543
  • Population, Census, April 1, 2020: 43,357

Population, Percent Change Comparisons:
from April 1, 2010 (estimates base) to July 1, 2019, (V2019)

8.5% Antioch City

20.1% Oakley City

6.1% California

6.3% United States


The following information was gathered by Diablo Water District, an Oakley-area utility provider.

“2020 Diablo Water District Facilities Plan”
(revisions to DWD 2006 Facilities Plan)




County of Contra Costa website
Dept. of Conservation & Development
Resources -

County of Contra Costa website
Depart. of Information TechnologyCounty GIS:


Interactive Mapping:

GIS Data Download:

USGS Water Dashboard
National Water Information System
Interactive Map of California:
https://dashboard.waterdata.usgs.gov/app/nwd/?region=lower48&aoi=state-ca


Groundwater Exchange
Basin: San Joaquin Valley / East Contra Costa


USGS
Mineral Resources Online Database
Interactive Map:

https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/map-us.html#home


CA Dept of Conservation
Interactive Geologic Map of California:

Full-screen Version: link


UC Berkeley Library
GeoData Repository
Web Map Service: Interactive Topographic Map
“10ft Contours, Contra Costa County, California, 2000”

Author(s): Department of Conservation & Development, Contra Costa County

Description: This dataset represents the 10ft contour map of Contra Costa, California. Latest data revision occurred in November 2000 ; Data was mapped and provided by the DCD GIS/Graphics Group within the Department of Conservation & Development.”

David Parker’s Parkmon Vineyards was a small Moraga winery that produced several single-vineyard bottlings from across Contra Costa County.

No vintages have been released recently. Still, the entity remains listed on California’s business registry, and the winery website has been retained.



Starting in 2004, Parkmon produced wines from the “Evangelho Vineyard”, eventually building up to a line-up of Zinfandel, Carignane, Mourvèdre, and a late-harvest Zin.

Wines from “Evangelho Vineyard”:

2010 Vintage:

  • 2010 “Ancient Vines” Mourvedre “Evangelho Vineyard”
    "2010 marks the sixth and final year we were able to procure grapes from the sweetest area of Frank Evangelho’s gnarled ancient vines in Oakley. This year, the fruit came in riper and richer than ever, bursting with sweet jammy flavors, good acidity and vibrant aromas. The resulting wine is decadent and fruit-forward offering a powerful mouthful of flavors to complement the best backyard barbecue or grilled spicy meats. For our devoted Mourvedre fans, we’re confident you’ll approve of this new vintage.

“In the glass, the wine shows a deep, dark magenta color, with glass-staining intensity. The nose is big and brooding with rich scents of black plum, blueberry, and rum raisin that exude from the glass, accentuated by floral notes of violets and a good dose of spice – predominantly black pepper and clove. In the background, Mourvedre’s distinctive, classic aromas of game and bacon fat indicate this wine is more than just a jammy fruit bomb. On the palate, you’re greeted with a mouthful of opulent, concentrated ripe black fruits, giving the impression of power but with gentle tannins, suggesting this wine should pair well with an array of spicy and flavorful foods…”.

2009 Vintage:

  • 2009 “Ancient Vines” Carignane, “Evangelho Vineyard”
    "…We have been bottling the ‘Evangelho’ Carignane since 2006 and are continually delighted with the results. Growing in the sand and dry farmed out in Oakley (Eastern Contra Costa County), these gnarly old vines generally produce fruit with outstanding natural acidity and a unique spicy character, though sometimes with higher-than-ideal sugar levels. In 2009, fortune shined on us as the fruit from Frank Evangelho’s 120±year-old vineyard came in at near perfect balance between sugar, acid, and flavor ripeness, resulting in what I hope you’ll find is the best Carignane we’ve produced to date. Unfortunately, other renowned and larger wineries have now also discovered this hidden gem and have contracted to purchase all their fruit (see Neyers Vineyard’s blockbuster Wine Spectator review for their 2010 Carignane). Alas, this will be our last vintage of Carignane from the ‘Evangelho Vineyard’, but stay tuned – we discovered another great old-vine vineyard in 2010, just around the corner.

“As always, the color of this wine is a gorgeous, dark nearly maroon color with a hint of lavender at the rim of the glass. This year’s version displays particularly intense floral aromas leaping from the glass and filling the senses with associations of Marionberry or Olallaberry pie. This is definitely a big wine, but on the palate, bright acidity helps balance the huge expansion of flavors, including ripe, concentrated Santa Rosa Plum and black cherry with a touch of spice. The alcohol level, while relatively high (14.9%), is kept in check by the substantial fruit and does not leave an impression of heat or heavy viscosity, but instead, a juicy, richly enjoyable lingering finish. The tannic structure, while clearly evident, is not overwhelming, allowing this wine to be enjoyable now (with proper aeration) as well as over the next 12-15 years with proper storage…”.

  • 2009 Mourvedre, “Evangelho Vineyard”
    “2009 marks the fifth straight year we were fortunate enough to procure grapes from the sweetest area of Frank Evangelho’s gnarled ancient vines in Oakley. This year, the fruit again came in characteristically ripe and rich, bursting with sweet jammy flavors and steely acidity that were in such great balance, no adjustments were necessary prior to fermentation. We did however, bleed off about 12% of the juice from the skins and seeds within a few hours of crushing to use for our 2009 Shari’s Rosé. The effect on the remaining must was incredible extraction of color and concentration of flavors. The resulting finished wine is pure hedonistic decadence. A powerful, intense wine, yet balanced and not overly viscous. For our devoted Mourvedre fans, we’re confident you’ll be ecstatic with this new vintage…”.

2008 Vintage:

  • 2008 “Ancient Vines” Carignane, “Evangelho Vineyard”
    "Given diminished yields in 2008, we weren’t sure we would be able to get Carignane fruit from Frank Evangelho’s 120-year-old vineyard growing in the sand and dry farmed out in Oakley (Eastern Contra Costa County), but thankfully, good luck shined on us…We have been bottling the ‘Evangelho’ Carignane since 2006 and are continually delighted with the results.

“This year’s version displays particularly intense floral aromas of candied cherry, sweet tobacco, and rhubarb pie. This is definitely a big wine, but on the palate, bright acidity helps balance the huge expansion of flavors, including ripe, concentrated Santa Rosa Plum and red licorice. The alcohol level, while relatively high (14.7%), is kept in check by the substantial fruit and does not leave an impression of heat or heavy viscosity, but instead, a smooth, richly enjoyable finish. The tannic structure, while clearly evident, is not overwhelming, allowing this wine to be enjoyable now (with proper aeration) as well as over the next 12-15 years with proper storage. We envision this wine w/ a grilled hangar steak or ribs with a black peppercorn and raspberry marinade, or enjoy it today with a sharp, relatively pungent cheese.”

  • 2008 “Ancient Vines” Mourvedre “Evangelho Vineyard”
    "In 2008, for the fourth straight year, we were fortunate enough to be able to procure grapes from the sweetest area of Frank Evangelho’s gnarled ancient vines in Oakley. This year, the fruit again came in characteristically ripe and rich. While our 2007 version was blended with 40% fruit from our estate vineyard, the 2008 contains all old-vine ‘Evangelho’ fruit and is pure decadence.

“In the glass, this wine has a deep, glass-staining red-violet hue. The nose is rich with brambly berry pie and sweet, creamy aromas of plum, allspice and a hint of game, earth and anise, typical of the Mourvedre varietal. The distinctive ‘Evangelho’ characteristics of pencil lead and black pepper scents are present, but relatively veiled in the background compared to the deep dark concentrated fruit. On the palate, you’re greeted with immense, mouth-coating flavors of ripe strawberry, plum and black raspberry. This wine might be viewed as an antithesis to our Petit Verdot – if you like bigger, jammier, fruitier wines, you’ll love this one. Though its weight is substantial, the wine’s bracing acidity – normal for Mourvedre – helps balance the high-octane alcohol level and resulting sensation of sweetness, preventing it from feeling overbearingly viscous. The power and muscularity of the wine extends into the long-lasting finish, with a tannic structure that suggests this wine should be enjoyed with food…”.

  • 2008 “Late Harvest” Zinfandel, “Ancient Vines”
    "This wine has been a long time in the making. Our last release of ‘Ancient Vine’ Zinfandel, our 2007 was over two years ago so we’ve been looking forward to making this wine available. In the glass, it exhibits a beautiful ruby red color with long legs, suggestive of a big, full-bodied, full-throttle wine. The nose exudes fragrant aromas of jammy raspberries, dried plums and cherry liqueur, with complementing scents of dried herbs, black pepper, leather, and the typical ‘Evangelho’ pencil shavings.

“On the palate, the fruit envelops the senses, filling the mouth with concentrated flavors of red fruits, berries and spice, but with enough acidity to balance the viscosity and weight. On the back palate, the wine reveals its high octane-level, but rather than leaving a drying or ‘hot’ sensation, it expands into a lingering finish with hints of toasty vanilla cream and berry pie…”.

2007 Vintage:

  • 2007 “Ancient Vine” Zinfandel, “Evangelho Vineyard”
    "Once again, we are grateful to be able to offer this old vine Zin from Frank Evangelho’s vineyard in Oakley, possessing some of the oldest vines in North America (over 120 years old). This wine presents a bright magenta color in the glass. The nose is classic Evangelho Zin: jammy berries, Santa Rosa Plum, and pomegranate, with a slight hint of dust, graphite and black pepper.

“The 5% each of Carignane and Petite Sirah blended into this wine are evident in the character, but well-integrated. Upon entering the palate, you’ll notice the zing of natural acidity, which keeps the wine lively and refreshing on the palate and helps it pair well with rich and/or spicy grilled foods. The flavors fill the mouth with berries, red cherries, plum, and a dash of rhubarb leading to a pleasant, modestly spicy finish.”

Parkmon’s “Ancient Vines” wines were drawn from the Gonsalves family’s “Sandy Lane Vineyard” in 2010, when fruit from the “Evangelho Vyd” became unavailable.

Wines from the “Gonsalves Vineyard”:

2010 “Ancient Vines” Carignane (described on website as “Evangelho Vyd”; probably exclusively “Gonsalves” fruit, or blend of both sites)
"…2010 represents the first year we sourced fruit from Dan Gonsalves, a neighbor of Frank Evangelho, from whom we acquired our Carignane grapes previously. Growing in the sand (literally on Sandy Lane), and dry farmed in Oakley, these gnarly old vines produce fruit with outstanding natural acidity and a unique spicy character. In 2010, a challenging vintage for many cooler winegrowing regions, the climate was near perfect in the warm, Delta region of Eastern Contra Costa. The fruit was harvested with impeccable balance between sugar, acid, and flavor ripeness, resulting in what I hope you’ll find is the best Carignane we’ve produced to date.

“As always, the color of this wine is a gorgeous dark, nearly maroon color with a hint of lavender at the rim of the glass. This year’s version displays particularly intense floral aromas leaping from the glass and filling the senses with associations of ripe red fruits, candied cherry, rhubarb, and blueberry cheesecake. This is definitely a big wine, but on the palate, bright acidity helps balance the huge expansion of ripe, concentrated flavors, redolent of berry jam with a touch of spice. The alcohol level, while relatively high (14.9%), is kept in check by the ample fruit, avoiding the sensation of heat or heavy viscosity, and instead the result is a full-bodied, rich, enjoyable wine with good structure, complemented by discernable, but not overwhelming tannins that coalesce in a lavish, lingering, vanilla-tinged finish…”.2010 Petite Sirah “Gonsalves Vineyard”
"In 2010, we were looking for a new source of Carignane and we were fortunate enough to find Dan Gonsalves’ old vine vineyard on Sandy Lane in Oakley. Little did we know then that he also had a small corner of his property devoted to 80+ year-old Petite Sirah vines, from which he offered us a half ton to experiment with. We were blown away by the intensity and expressiveness of the fruit and immediately made plans to make a standalone wine from the grapes – the first Petite Sirah we’ve released since our 2008 Lamorinda Petite that we released five years ago!

"The wine was aged for 21 months in a new American Oak barrel and then aged another two years in bottle before this release, which has tamed some of the massively bold tannins, yielding a wine that is now amazingly well-balanced for such a huge, robust profile. If you are a fan of Petite Sirah (and this varietal has its ardent followers!), we hope you’ll find this is one of the most impressive incarnations you’ve experienced; if you are not as familiar with this grape, but enjoy big, bold red wines, I think you’ll find this Petite remarkably stunning.

"The experience starts with the appearance in the glass. Most Petite Sirahs are dark and oft-described as inky, but this wine takes it to another level: the color goes beyond indigo and violet, reminiscent of the color of eggplant. At first glance, it looks completely opaque, but by holding the glass up to the light, one can see a striking brilliance, with a ring of lavender at the rim of the glass. One of this wine’s notable characteristics is the long, spindly legs – due to the substantial viscosity and relatively high alcohol content of the wine – that start high up on the glass and ooze their way mesmerizingly along the side back to the pool of nectar from where they originated.

"The nose starts off with powerful fragrances of dark fruits – blackberries, black plums, blueberries, and cassis – enticing and engulfing the senses, but this is no simple, single-faceted fruit bomb! A deeper, longer sniff reveals the wine’s complexity: earthy notes of black tea, forest floor, sweet tobacco, and a hint of pencil lead frame and accentuate the fruit core, with floral scents of violet, bay leaves, anise, and the varietal’s signature black pepper rounding out the complex, beguiling aromatics.

“Most well-respected Petite Sirahs are described as ‘muscular’ and ‘masculine’, a result of the varietal’s substantial coarse, tannic structure, but this wine exhibits surprising refinement and sophistication. With your first sip, the wine’s enormity is undeniable as the rich, bold nectar coats the palate with pleasing weight and viscosity, but with enough acidity to avoid a cloying sensation. The big black fruit flavors expand from the entry, swathing the mid-palate with round, velvety tannins (distinguishing it from typical Petites), offering a persistent grip without the varietal’s typical chalky granularity, leading to an enduring, warm finish, with a residual essence of dark cocoa…”.2011 “Ancient Vines” Mourvedre, “Gonsalves Vineyard”


Wines from “Parkmon Estate Vineyard” in Lamorinda AVA :

Wines from other Contra Costa County vineyards:

Cabernet Sauvignon

  • Doherty Vineyard”, “Ettell Vineyard”, “Koelmel Vineyard” in Lafayette

Petite Sirah - “Captain Vineyard” in Lamorinda

Pinot Noir - “Captain Vineyard”, “Haas Vineyard”, “Magalhaes Vineyard”, “Nazeri Vineyard” in Lamorinda

Primitivo - “Braswell Vineyard” in Walnut Creek

Right Bank Blend - “Captain Vineyard” in Moraga

Robusto e Buongusto (Cab Sauv/Sangio) - “Koelmel Vineyard”***** in Lamorinda

Rosato di Sangiovese - “Koelmel Vineyard”***** in Lamorinda

Sangiovese

  • Koelmel Vineyard”***** in Lamorinda

Sauvignon Blanc - “Sutton Vineyard” in Morinda and “Thal Vineyard” in Lafayette

Syrah - “Magalhaes Vineyard” and “Nazeri Vineyard” in Moraga


***** “Koelmel Vineyard”: According to the winery webpage, Mark and Kris Koelmel’s Sangiovese vines (planted c.1994) "…were planted to the same clone that has been isolated in the Montalcino area of Tuscany that contribute 100% of the fruit for the famed and highly sought-after Brunello di Montalcino."Most Parkmon wines were produced in batches of 20-30 cases. Though limited in availability, several vintages were tasted by critics and discussed in local publications.


East Bay Times
“A Burgeoning Climate for Viticulture: Moraga’s Parkmon, One of Lamorinda’s Thriving Wineries”

by Lou Fancher
June 20, 2013



Parkmon Vineyards website:
http://www.parkmon.com/

Search: “Evangelho”:
http://www.parkmon.com/component/search/?searchword=Evangelho&searchphrase=all&Itemid=101

Search “Gonsalves”:
http://www.parkmon.com/component/search/?searchword=Gonsalves&ordering=newest&searchphrase=all&limit=50

Mr Greg Castanho’s family has been involved in eastern Contra Costa agriculture for generations. He farms his “Castanho Vineyard” and has worked with other nearby plantings for years.

Castanho Farms’ Oakley properties include the “Castanho” and “Teixeira” vineyards.



The “Castanho Vineyard” is significantly younger and further inland than most celebrated plantings of Antioch and Oakley. This vineyard was planted in the 1980s.

Castanho Vineyard” is located just SW of the intersection of Brownstone and Anderson, opposite from Pine Rd.

Castanho Vyd 5.5 acres APN 034-181-001-8.png
Castanho Vyd 5 acres APN 034-181-008-3.png
· Photographs of the “Castanho Vyd” featured in The Press:

Cellartracker
Search: “Castanho Vineyard California”

The Bedrock Wine Co Summer/Fall 2017 Release Letter opened with an essay on the “Evangelho Vyd”. In it, Morgan Twain-Peterson praised Greg Castanho as a hard-working, compassionate figure in the community.


Wine Berserkers
“Bedrock Summer release”

by Morgan Twain-Peterson
August 1, 2017

"…The older gentleman, Greg, loaded the truck—the old Massey running like melted butter under his careful watch. As he did, he told me the story of his family, which I now know runs parallel to so many others in the area. His father farmed hundreds of acres of grapes, almonds (pronounced amond in Oakley, because to pick them you have to shake the L out of them :relaxed:), prunes, and peaches. Gradually though, land he leased was sold for development or in sadder cases, seized by eminent domain, until Greg was left with only a small vineyard on the east side of Oakley.

“What I know, years later, is what Frank and every farmer in Oakley has known for decades: that Greg Castanho is one of the kindest human beings you will hopefully get to know. He is old school in the way you seem to only hear about—the type who out of the kindness of his heart will take your broken tractor all the way to Modesto for repairs and then go back and get it when you are away and can’t do it yourself. He is guy that makes sure your diesel tank is full. He is the strongest of the depleting coarse ropes that holds farming together in Oakley…”.


On this thread, Mr Twain-Peterson has spoken highly of Greg Castanho’s work in assisting Bedrock Wine Company’s Contra Costa grape harvests: Link


Castanho Farms grows grapes in the “Teixera Vyd” and the “Castanho Vyd” in Oakley. From the company’s Facebook page:

“Castanho Farms is a small family owned grape growing operation in Oakley, CA in Contra Costa County; growing Zinfandel, Mouvedre, and Syrah wine grapes.”


Below are some photos of Castanho Farms properties:


Below are more images from the Castanho Farms Facebook page.****

I believe that Bedrock Wine Co. gets some fruit from this family’s vineyard.

233221779_2431959103601235_7258144872342991604_n.jpg
158891609_2278230765640737_1120926212535915636_n.jpg

The very first time that I read about the “Evangelho Vineyard” was in connection with a small-production winery called Toucan Wines. This winery no longer is in operation.

Doug Timewell and Terrie Leivers grew Zinfandel and Petite Sirah in Arroyo Grande. The Contra Costa Carignane was a special addition to the winery’s line-up.



CellarTracker Tasting Notes:
Toucan Wines ‘Evangelho Vineyard’ Carignane”


For a few vintages, Toucan Cellars bottled a single-vineyard Carignane. Each year’s label featured a custom painting of the tropical bird species. 2011 marked the final year of this wine. If memory serves, the winery is no longer in operation, and the estate vineyard was uprooted.

It was a pleasant feeling of nostalgia to discover this tasting note of a 10-year-old Contra Costa wine. This bottling is still going strong!


CA Corks: Blog
“Central Coast Wines: Toucan Wines 2011 Carignane ‘Evangelho Vineyard’”

by JohnK
January 5, 2021


“This wine comes from the fruit of ‘Evangelho Vineyard’ and the vines were planted in 1890. In the glass you detect a dark garnet with medium viscosity with plum, red fruit (cranberry), cocoa powder, earth, and bramble on the nose. On the palate you detect much of what you detect on the bouquet along with spice, subtle complexity, and very pleasant oak integration. A nice medium finish, well balanced, nice layering of complex flavors. One might be pleasantly surprised at the alcohol content in that it does not taste as high as it is. This is a very food friendly wine…”.

Food GPS
“Interview with Doug Timewell, Co-Founder of Toucan Wines”

by Joshua Lurie
June 14, 2010

“Doug Timewell and Terrie Leivers founded a three-and-a-half acre micro-winery called Toucan Wines in 2004. They currently produce 400 cases per year of Zinfandel and Petite Sirah wines on their hillside vineyard in California’s Arroyo Grande Valley AVA…”.

2011CarignaneFront.jpg
Toucan Wines Blogspot
Search Results: “Evangelho”


“2011 Toucan Wines Old Vine Carignane - Released”
December 20, 2013

"Our old vine Carignane is harvested from the low-yielding 120+ year old vines, grown in the ‘Evangelho Vineyard’ located in Contra Costa County and planted in 1890.

"This ‘Evangelho’ grown fruit was the last harvested from the ‘Evangelho Vineyard’ in 2011. This last harvest assures us the ripest possible conditions from the choicest sweet spot in this amazing vineyard. We traveled to the vineyard, the morning of September 28th and returned with 8 full bins of amazing Carignane clusters.
"That same afternoon, we crushed the fruit and then cold-soaked the must for 7 days before the natural yeast took hold. The wine slowly fermented and was pressed to a combination of mostly new French and Hungarian barrels.

"After 22 months in fine oak barrels, and a total of three rackings, we proudly hand-bottled this wine unfined and unfiltered. The bottling of 238 cases took place the 3rd week of July, 2013. In addition to the standard 750ml bottles, we bottled five 3 liter double magnums.

"The resulting wine from this heirloom varietal, grow is loaded with bursting fruit, very balanced acid and refined oak aging. Today, this wine is drinking beautifully, and should drink well for many years to come - depending on storage…
"Harvest: Sept. 28, 2011
Bottled: July 20-25, 2013
Production: 238 cases
Alcohol: 15.8
pH: 3.31
TA: .83 "

The finished wine’s high alcohol level presumably was kept in balance by the surprisingly low pH.


The following blog post includes a few photos of the winery’s crew in the “Evangelho Vineyard” in Antioch, California.

“Old Vine Carignane Harvested…”
September 17, 2010


Toucan Wines Blogspot

Toucan Wines Facebook page:

**The following photographs were posted on the Facebook page of Toucan Wines’ Doug Timewell.

These images depict previous years’ harvests at the “Evangelho Vineyard” in Antioch, Contra Costa County.**


1931294_54967021561_2928_n.jpg



Toucan Wines Facebook page:

Toucan Wines Facebook page Photo Galleries:

I sent an email to artist Mr Nicholas Doughty inquiring about his unique work using a traditional Japanese Wood Block print method. Unfortunately, I never received a response.

Doughty’s most recent work depicts the old-vine “Evangelho Vineyard” in the “The Vineyard and Winery Series” .



Nicholas Doughty “Contra Costa” Instagram post:
https://www.picuki.com/media/2678244893065489780


“The Vineyard and Winery Series”

“Consider this a companion piece to the ‘Food and Beverage Series’. As I worked my way through twenty works in that series, a lot of my artistic style and focus changed. The subjects themselves became less important and the environments that they were in became the center of my attention. In addition, I found myself gravitating to more of a Shin-Hanga influence and a desire to work on more landscape compositions…”


"‘Contra Costa コントラ コスタ (Kontorakosuta) 2021’
12x12 inch Ink and Pencil on Wood Block with Wood Burned Lines

"I love old-vine vineyards. I am totally enamored with their gnarled, craggy shapes and the fact that most aren’t in perfect manicured rows. When Morgan Twain-Peterson suggested that I do a piece on ‘Evangelho Vineyard’, I was hooked.

"These own-rooted vines date back to the 1890s and are planted in sandy soils along the Sacramento River Delta, mostly of Mataro, Carignane and Zinfandel varieties. These wines much more elegant than one would think. With the PG&E powerplant in the background, the site is a strange dichotomy of post apocalyptic beauty.

“Artistically, I went for a serene pink skyline to compliment the beige-y sandy soils and highlight the tranquility of the scene. The red tractor in the foreground brings a little weight to the bottom of the composition.”



Nicholas Doughty website:
https://www.nicholasmdoughty.com/

· “Food and Beverage Series”
https://www.nicholasmdoughty.com/the-food-and-beverage-series

· “The Vineyard and Winery Series”
https://www.nicholasmdoughty.com/the-vineyard-and-winery-series

· “Traditional Pyrography”
https://www.nicholasmdoughty.com/ytaditional-pyrography

I edited my original response to this post to include a viewable version of the map provided by Ken…


Contra Costa Wine Heritage
“Contra Costa Map from 1903 [u]Oakland Tribune[/u]”

January 17, 2016


As Ken pointed out, a map of the entire county can be found at the link below.

from Newspapers.com clip:

“1903 Contra Costa County Map Showing Oil Fields”
Oakland Tribune, Wed, November 4, 1903


“Map of Contra Costa County and Vicinity”, low resolution (546×749)


*** EDIT ***

Compare the above map detail of Ken’s NE Contra Costa County with those shown on a recent thread post: Link

Below are two Antioch/Oakley area maps - from 1920 and 1892, respectively- depicting the region after and before the Oakland Tribune’s special 1903 publication.



Detail of Progressive Map Services’ 1920 “Simple Pocket Map of Contra Costa County, Part of California’s East Bay” (Curtis Wright Maps)


Detail of an 1892 Parcel Map (below). This map shows the Southern Pacific RR line, but not the AT&SF RR (which is the BNSF RR line today):

1 Like

Currently, I am juggling two sizable efforts in hopes of better understanding Contra Costa’s viticultural past and future.


· First, I am investigating prior land ownership of viticultural sites in the Antioch and Oakley area. For example, I hope to learn more about the land sales/annexations (c.1950) that facilitated the building of PG&E power transmission lines.

I wish to discover which families owned vineyard land before the construction of the utility lines. This might help confirm the age of certain vineyard plots.

Many acres of vines currently grow beneath power lines in eastern Contra Costa. The survival of these old vines depends upon the protections afforded to electric power structures by specific laws and building codes.

· Second, I would like to know what plans currently threaten the area’s remaining old-vine sites. With an eye on the future, it is important to track the City of Antioch’s efforts to revise or overhaul regulations limiting the use of PG&E’s easements.

In Oakley, residential developments continue to replace agricultural land with frightening speed. I hope to determine whether the city’s ACVP will play an active role in saving ancient vineyards.

Also, I will try to find out which vineyard leases are renewed. Contra Costa Water District, PG&E, and the City of Oakley have leased out vine-bearing lands; some agreements recently have expired or are to end very soon.


· Antioch’s East 18th Street Specific Plan

· Oakley’s Development Project Map

· Farms Under Threat
Spatial Mapping w/ Interactive Map

· Contra Costa County Clerk-Recorder
Search Recorded Documents

· East Bay Regional Parks District
East Contra Costa County Delta Atlas

· National Geologic Map Database project
TopoView Interactive Map & Historical Map Database:
https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/

The “Annual 2015 Crop Report” from County of Contra Costa (downloadable PDF) provides a succinct history of regional winegrape-growing, as well as an exploration of the County’s efforts in preserving agricultural lands.


“A Brief History of Wine in Contra Costa County”

"While there isn’t an official record of the first grapes grown in Contra Costa County, there is evidence of vineyards in the Martinez area that were planted around 1830 by cattle ranchers with land grants from the Mexican government. These vineyards were small, and most likely produced wine for the landowners and their workers. When control of California passed to the United States in 1847, much of the land changed hands. The new settlers were more interested in farming than ranching and soon began to produce fruit, vegetable, and grain crops to sell.

"By 1880, vineyards could be found from Lamorinda in the West to Oakley in the East. In the central Contra Costa town of Martinez, a number of wine producers found success in a region known as ‘Grape Hill’. It was home to wineries such as the Mont Alhambra Vineyard Company, J. E. Colton Winery, Christian Brothers, and John Swett & Sons Winery. Major grape growers near Martinez included John Muir, Sturgis & Eddy, C.G. Merrill, and John Swett. Similarly in Oakley, grapes were among the most profitable crop. G. Continente became a major grape grower with one of the largest vineyards in the county and a packing shed by the railroad tracks in Oakley."



"Throughout Contra Costa, access to the railroad proved to be a key catalyst to the success of the wine industry. For example, Martinez was on a main Santa Fe & Southern Pacific railroad line and was a stop on an important shipping route down the Sacramento River. Despite Oakley’s notably sandy soil, once a railroad depot and post office had been established, the town soon became a great success. Due to the railroad, it was a natural location for packing sheds that handled grapes, celery, asparagus, potatoes, and other crops grown in the nearby area.

"By 1900, vineyards producing both table grapes and wine grapes were planted throughout the county, especially near Martinez, Clayton, and Oakley. State Viticulture Reports listed Contra Costa County as having 300 acres of grapes in 1881, 3,141 acres in 1891, and 6,000 acres in 1897. By 1919, forty percent of the agricultural land in the county was devoted to grape production and there were a total of about fifty wineries.

'Trouble arrived near the end of the 19th century when Grape Phylloxera, a type of aphid that feeds on grape roots, devastated Contra Costa County vineyards. The damage to vineyards in most of the county forced the majority of the growers to remove entire mature vineyards and replace them with resistant grafted vines. A notable exception was in Oakley, where vineyards survived due to its sandy soils."



"After the 1906 earthquake left San Francisco in ruins, the California Wine Association moved to Point Molate and built Winehaven, once holder of the prestigious title of ‘world’s largest winery’. All of the California Wine Association’s shipments to foreign, coastal and New York markets sailed from the Winehaven dock - the shipment capacity was 500,000 gallons a month.

"In 1920, the effect of Prohibition on the California wine industry was devastating. Some local grape growers removed their vineyards and others survived by selling grapes to home wine makers in the USA and Canada. Virtually all of Contra Costa County’s wineries went out of business. Christian Brothers Winery was a notable exception. Operated by a Catholic lay religious order, it produced both sacramental and medicinal wine.

"To put the effect of Prohibition in context, before it occurred, California had over 700 wineries. After Prohibition was repealed in 1933, it would take about fifty years to reach that number of wineries in California again.

“Cities replaced farmland at an increased rate in Contra Costa County during the 1950’s and 1960’s. Between 1940 and 1970, more than half of the farmland was lost to development, with grape acreage declining more than 80% from 1940 levels. During the 1990’s, the market for wine grapes increased and growers in east Contra Costa County began to plant more vineyards. Even though over 45% of the remaining farmland was lost to development between 1970 and 2011, grape acreage harvested for commercial production increased from 771 acres in 1990 to around 1,700 acres in 2015” (p.16).


"Measures to Conserve Agricultural Land"

"In Contra Costa County, agricultural land consists primarily of rangeland and prime irrigated farmland. Prime farmland is defined as class I and class II soils by the United States Department of Agriculture and are considered to have the best productivity potential. A small but significant acreage is devoted to wine grapes, nurseries, and diversified farms in urban and suburban areas.

"Competition for land by urban developers, has led to a significant decrease in farmed acres in the county. Between 1984 and 2004, almost 20,000 acres of Contra Costa agricultural land, including 9,100 acres of prime farmland, were converted to urban uses. In order to combat urban sprawl into agricultural land, local government in Contra Costa County has implemented a variety of measures to preserve prime farmland and encourage agricultural enterprise. These include:

"Zoning and Land Planning:

· Implementing an Urban Limit Line backed by voters in 1990. This restricts urban development to 35% of the land in the County and preserves the remaining 65% for agriculture, open space, wetlands, parks and other non-urban uses by directing development to existing urban areas and away from agricultural lands and open space.

· Creating the designation of a County Agricultural Core that is predominantly zoned to maintain economically viable agricultural parcels of a minimum of 40 acres. While some smaller parcels exist, the area of approximately 11,000 acres, which is located east of Brentwood and west of Discovery Bay, contains a concentrated agricultural zone with prime class I and class II soils. Zoning adjustments have been made since the creation of the Agricultural Core to allow wineries and olive oil mills through land use permits.

"Easements and Agricultural Land Mitigation:

· Facilitating the use of the Williamson Act to encourage agricultural land preservation. This is a California law that offers a tax incentive to property owners in exchange for a ten year agreement that the property will remain in agriculture or open space. At present, Contra Costa County has approximately 130 Agricultural Preserves and 42,000 acres enrolled under these Williamson Act contracts.

"In addition, organizations and government entities in the county frequently use conservation easements to permanently protect agricultural land by purchasing the development rights from a landowner that requires the land be used for agriculture in perpetuity. The easements are funded with public or private dollars and held by a qualified Land Trust.

“Contra Costa County also has a Right-to-Farm Ordinance that informs residents in or near agricultural areas about an individual’s right to continue farming land adjacent to residential areas” (p.15).


Articles on Contra Costa Harvests & Wine History:

East Bay Times
“Farm Report: Contra Costa Wines”
by Bay Area News Group
November 23, 2009 (updated August 15, 2016)

East Bay Times
“Reflections of the Past”
by Bay Area News Group
March 16, 2010 (updated August 15, 2016)

Collectors Weekly
“The Forgotten Kingpins Who Conspired to Save California Wine”
by Ben Marks
December 11th, 2015

Atlas Obscura
“Winehaven, Richmond, CA”

by leiris

National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form:
“Historic Resources of Martinez, California”
(PDF)

The Catholic Northwest Progress, Vol 71, # 9
“Christian Brothers in the West”
March 7, 1968

UC Hastings
Hastings Law Journal Vol. 30 #6
“The California Land Conservation Act of 1965 and the Fight to Save California’s Prime Agricultural Lands”
(1979)
by John B. Dean

Past Contra Costa County Agricultural Reports can be found at the following website:

County of Contra Costa
Document Center:

https://www.contracosta.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/

In a previous thread post, I shared some information from Antioch’s “East 18th Street Specific Plan”. Around the time this project was drafted, many of the area’s old-growth vineyards were rezoned for Light Industrial or Commercial Use.

It appears that the local government intends to preserve only those vines situated on land designated for “Open Space”. These include Parcels #16 and #21 on the map image below.

For now, no local/community-backed preservation efforts shield the other vineyards.

East 18th Street Specific Plan Map Sept 01.png
NE Antioch Vine-Bearing Parcels:

  • 3) Gonsalves (“Big Little Patch Vyd”) 16.84 acres
  • 21) PG&E (“Evangelho Vyd” & Gonsalves) 18 acres
  • 14) Bedrock Wine Co. (“Evangelho Vyd”) 10.73 acres
  • 15) Gonsalves (“Driving Range/Sand Trap Vyd”) 20.182 acres
  • 16) PG&E (“Evangelho Vyd”) 18.75 acres

The vineyard names associated with each parcel may indicate that part (or all) of the vineyard falls on the property. Likewise, the total acreage is listed for the above parcels. Vines do not necessarily occupy the entire piece of land.


As indicated in the City of Antioch 2003 General Plan, the area occupied by the “East 18th Street Specific Plan” now falls under what is called the “Eastern Waterfront Employment Area”.


Compare the below map detail with the “E 18th St Specific Plan” Parcel Map shown above.



"…4.4.6.3 Eastern Waterfront Employment Area:

"This Focus Area encompasses the industrial areas in the northeastern portion of the City and its General Plan study area, south of the San Joaquin River, west of the SR-160 freeway. The Eastern Waterfront Employment Area is approximately 976 acres in size, and lies primarily within the City of Antioch and partly within unincorporated territory.

a. Purpose and Primary Issues:

"As a result of shifts in the national and regional economy, several of the heavy industrial uses located along the San Joaquin River have closed, or have significantly scaled back their operations. Thus, it is necessary to plan for revitalization of former heavy industrial lands along the river, including transition to other uses. This may include environmental cleanup of brownfields resulting from years of heavy industrial use. To the east of Fulton Shipyard and south of the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge is the abandoned City Sewage treatment plant site. The development feasibility of this site may depend in part upon the clean up and improvement of nearby areas.

"A large portion of this Focus Area, primarily north of Wilbur Avenue and the BNSF rail line, was recently annexed into the City of Antioch. Portions of this area are rail-served, which provides opportunities for the development of new industrial uses with modern plants.

"South of Wilbur Avenue, industrial areas border along existing residential neighborhoods. As a result, it will be necessary to provide appropriate transitions between existing residential neighborhoods and future industrial development.

"The environmental sensitivity and fragility of the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge within the northwestern portion of this Focus area establishes the need to provide appropriate buffer areas for urban uses located adjacent to the Refuge.

"The proximity of the western portion of this Focus Area to Rodgers Point provides an opportunity for development of a recreational vehicle campground. Such a use would be possible at the site of the City’s former water treatment plant. This Focus Area’s location along the riverfront also provides the opportunity to extend the trail proposed for the Downtown Specific Plan Focus Area to the existing marina adjacent to the SR 160 freeway.
"The Northern Waterfront Economic Development Initiative is a multi-agency collaboration led by the County of Contra Costa to revitalize the areas adjacent to the San Joaquin River within Contra Costa County. The Initiative identifies Antioch’s extensive industrial waterfront potential and provides guidance for regional efforts.

b. Policy Direction:

"The primary function of this Focus Area is to provide employment opportunities, and to assist Antioch in achieving its goal of a balance between local housing and employment. In addition, the Focus Area is intended to support and implement the outcomes of the Northern Waterfront Economic Development Initiative. The majority of employment opportunities created within this area will continue to be industrial in character, will reflect lighter industrial uses than are now present.

“Generally, this Focus Area will feature a transition between larger industrial uses between Wilbur Avenue and the river to light industrial and business park uses to the south. The area within this Focus Area between East 18th Street on the south and the BNSF rail line on the north, Viera Avenue on the west and Drive-In Avenue on the east is also subject to the provisions of the East Eighteenth Street Specific Plan…”.


City of Antioch 2003 General Plan - includes the “Eastern Waterfront Employment Area” (downloadable pdf):

“East 18th Street Specific Plan” (downloadable pdf):

“Northeast Antioch Area Reorganization, Initial Study: Proposed Mitigated Negative Declaration” May, 2013
(downloadable pdf):