Glad to hear.
Unfortunately, I am not aware of any scientific or otherwise serious tests about the matter although it should be easy enough to put together good experimental data. Based on my own experience, however, I do believe it can happen.
On one occasion, when I had personally transported some wine home to Sweden from Germany (a two-day drive), my wife and I decided to share, in the evening of the day of arrival, one of the bottles we had just brought home. We found the first defect but just chalked it up to bad luck. We set it aside and opened a second and found that too defect. We cursed a bit about our bad luck and opened a third. Same story. We kept going until we had opened five bottles, none of which entirely OK, and then went to bed quite unhappy, not only or primarily because of our lack of enjoyment that particular evening but even more at the thought of all the potentially defect wine we had bought and which now lay unopened in the cellar.
But … when we dared to start opening bottles of the same wines again several months later, we were delighted to find that they were perfectly OK. Now, if we had opened just a couple of bottles that first evening, I would probably have chalked it up to chance. But five more or less defect bottles in a row is a lot and is something that I have fortunately never come close to again. So I am ready to draw the conclusion that what we experienced was travel shock.
I should mention that the five bottles we opened that first evening came from three different producers. Two of the bottles were the same wine (same producer, same bottling, same vintage) while the others were different. In only one case, we had but a single bottle so that we were unable to try the wine again later. Three of the bottles represented wines that we were already familiar with (i.e., we had tried exactly the same wine in exactly the same vintage at earlier points in time) so that we were well aware of what they were normally like. The provenance of these was also the same.
What the wines we opened that first evening had in common was that they were all serious reds (more specifically Nebbiolo from Barolo, Ghemme, and Roero) and all more than 10 years old. The common denominator with regard to the defects we experienced was that the wines were vinegary (four out of five), as though they had been prematurely oxidized.
What I should add is that I have never experienced anything similar with younger wines and therefore do not hesitate to open those immediately after lengthy transportation. But with older bottles, I now prefer to let them rest a bit before I touch them.